一、题型概述
四级选词填空(Banked Cloze)给出一篇删去10个单词的短文,提供15个备选词,要求选出10个填入相应编号处,每个词只能用一次。
- 文章长度:200–250词,备选词15个(多5个干扰项)
- 时间建议:7–10分钟
二、解题技巧总论
技巧1:先标词性,再读文章
先把15个备选词按词性分类:n.(名词)、v.(动词)、adj.(形容词)、adv.(副词)。一词多性全部标出。
技巧2:看空位语法环境定词性
| 语法环境 | 所需词性 |
|---|---|
| a/an/the + ___ | 名词 |
| a/an/the + ___ + n. | 形容词 |
| 主语 + ___ + 宾语 | 及物动词 |
| 主语 + ___(无宾语) | 不及物动词 |
| be + ___ | 形容词/过去分词 |
| ___ + 形容词/动词 | 副词 |
| 介词 + ___ | 名词/动名词 |
技巧3:利用时态和主谓一致缩小范围
- was/were + ___ + by → 过去分词(被动)
- 情态动词 + ___ → 动词原形
- 上下文过去时 → 优先选过去式
技巧4:利用上下文语义排除
词性确定后,根据上下文语义在同词性候选中排除。
技巧5:先易后难,逐个锁定
先做词性限制最严格的空位,确定一个划掉一个,缩小范围。
三、10题精讲
【第1题】形容词判定
The government has taken measures to deal with the ___ problem of air pollution in major cities.
备选词:severe, establish, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:severe
- 词性: the ___ problem → the + ___ + n. → 必须填形容词
- 候选: 形容词有 severe(严重的)、domestic(国内的)
- 语义: “严重的空气污染问题”语义通顺,severe problem 常见搭配。domestic problem 语法正确但与 air pollution 搭配不如 severe
- 锁定: severe
💡
the + ___ + n.是最容易判断词性的空位,优先做。
【第2题】动词过去式判定
Researchers ___ that the new drug could significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.
备选词:severe, established, consumption, primarily, domestic, revealed
答案:revealed
- 词性: Researchers(主语)+ ___ + that从句(宾语)→ 及物动词
- 时态: 从句用 could(过去式),主句也是过去时 → 动词需过去式
- 候选: established(确立)、revealed(揭示)
- 语义: “研究者揭示新药能降低风险”——revealed 更贴切。established that 也可,但”确立”多用于事实/理论
- 锁定: revealed
💡 注意 established 既是形容词也是动词过去式,要结合语境判断。
【第3题】副词判定
The company has ___ focused on developing products for the Asian market.
备选词:severe, establish, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:primarily
- 词性: has ___ focused → 助动词和实义动词之间 → 副词
- 候选: 副词只有 primarily(主要地)
- 语义: “主要专注于亚洲市场”——primarily focused 常见搭配
- 锁定: primarily
💡 助动词和实义动词之间只能填副词,是最确定的词性环境之一。
【第4题】名词判定(介词后)
The rapid growth of online shopping has changed the patterns of ___ in many countries.
备选词:severe, establish, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal, technology
答案:consumption
- 词性: of ___ → 介词后 → 名词
- 候选: consumption(消费)、technology(技术)
- 语义: “在线购物增长改变了消费模式”——patterns of consumption 是固定搭配
- 锁定: consumption
💡 介词 + ___ 是高频考点,常考固定搭配。
【第5题】动词原形判定(情态动词后)
Parents should ___ their children to develop good reading habits from an early age.
备选词:severe, encourage, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:encourage
- 词性: should ___ → 情态动词后 → 动词原形
- 候选: encourage(鼓励)、establish(建立)、reveal(揭示)
- 语义: encourage sb. to do sth. 是固定结构,”鼓励孩子养成阅读习惯”完全匹配
- 锁定: encourage
💡 情态动词后必填动词原形,这是铁律。
【第6题】形容词判定(be动词后)
It is ___ that the project will be completed ahead of schedule.
备选词:severe, likely, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:likely
- 词性: is ___ that… → be 动词后 → 形容词
- 候选: likely(可能的)、severe(严重的)、domestic(国内的)
- 语义: It is likely that… 是固定句型,表示”很可能”
- 锁定: likely
💡 It is ___ that… 是四级高频句型,常填 likely/possible/certain/obvious 等。
【第7题】动词过去分词判定(被动语态)
The new policy was ___ by the board of directors last week.
备选词:severe, approved, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:approved
- 词性: was ___ by → 被动语态 → 过去分词
- 候选: approved(批准)是过去分词
- 语义: “新政策被董事会批准”——approve a policy 搭配正确
- 锁定: approved
💡 was/were + ___ + by 是被动语态标志,必须填过去分词。
【第8题】名词判定(形容词后)
Many young people are facing increasing ___ in finding suitable jobs.
备选词:severe, establish, difficulty, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:difficulty
- 词性: increasing ___ → 形容词修饰 → 名词
- 候选: difficulty(困难)
- 语义: “面临越来越大的困难”——have difficulty (in) doing 是固定搭配
- 锁定: difficulty
💡 形容词 + ___ 是名词的常见位置,注意 increasing 本身可作形容词用。
【第9题】动词第三人称单数判定
Regular exercise ___ the risk of many chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
备选词:severe, reduces, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:reduces
- 词性: Regular exercise(主语,第三人称单数)+ ___ + the risk(宾语)→ 及物动词
- 时态: 陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语单数 → 动词需第三人称单数形式(-s/-es)
- 候选: reduces(减少)是唯一符合的动词单三形式
- 语义: “规律运动降低慢性病风险”——reduce the risk 是固定搭配
- 锁定: reduces
💡 主语第三人称单数 + 一般现在时 → 动词加 -s/-es。这是主谓一致的核心考点,出题频率极高。
【第10题】副词判定(句首修饰全句)
___, the results of the experiment were not as promising as the researchers had expected.
备选词:severe, unfortunately, consumption, primarily, domestic, reveal
答案:unfortunately
- 词性: ___ , the results… → 句首独立副词,用逗号隔开 → 副词
- 候选: unfortunately(不幸地)、primarily(主要地,已被第3题用掉)
- 语义: “不幸的是,实验结果不如预期”——unfortunately 常用于句首引出负面结果,语义完全匹配
- 锁定: unfortunately
💡 句首 ___ , + 主句 是四级常见结构,填评注性副词(unfortunately/surprisingly/obviously 等),修饰整个句子。
四、词性判断速查表
| 空位位置 | 所需词性 | 判断依据 |
|---|---|---|
| a/an/the + ___ + n. | 形容词 | 冠词与名词之间 |
| a/an/the + ___ | 名词 | 冠词后无名词 |
| 情态动词 + ___ | 动词原形 | should/can/must 等 |
| be + ___ + by | 过去分词 | 被动语态标志 |
| be + ___ | 形容词 | 系表结构 |
| 助动词 + ___ + 实义动词 | 副词 | have ___ done |
| 介词 + ___ | 名词 | 介词宾语 |
| adj. + ___ | 名词 | 形容词修饰名词 |
| 主语(单数) + ___ + 宾语 | 动词-s形式 | 一般现在时 |
| 句首 ___ , | 评注性副词 | 修饰全句 |
五、实战做题步骤总结
- 标词性(2分钟):给15个备选词标注 n./v./adj./adv.,一词多性全标
- 读文章(1分钟):快速通读,了解大意
- 逐空分析(5分钟):按”先易后难”顺序,每空先定词性再选词
- 检查(1分钟):确认10个词已用完,5个干扰项未选,通读全文检查语义连贯
核心心法:词性优先,语义其次,先易后难,逐个排除。