英语突击 D16｜完形填空——上下文逻辑+词义辨析，3篇实战

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前言

完形填空考的是上下文逻辑和词义辨析。不是考你认不认识单词，而是考你能不能根据上下文选出最合适的词。今天学方法，练3篇。

一、完形填空做题四步法

第1步：通读全文，了解大意（2分钟）

不看选项，快速读一遍全文，了解文章讲什么、态度是正面还是负面。

第2步：逐题作答，先易后难

  • 有把握的题先做
  • 拿不准的先跳过，等后面有线索了再回来

第3步：利用上下文线索

线索类型 说明 例子
同义复现 同一个意思用不同词重复出现 前文说happy，后文可能填glad
反义对照 前后意思相反 前文说rich，but后填poor
因果关系 前因后果 because/s0/therefore提示
逻辑递进 递进或补充 moreover/what’s more/besides
举例说明 举例暗示类别 such as/for example

第4步：代入检查

全部填完后，把答案代入原文通读一遍，检查逻辑是否通顺。

二、常见考点

考点 解题技巧
动词短语 看动词和后面介词的固定搭配
连词 判断前后句的逻辑关系（转折/因果/递进）
形容词/副词 看上下文感情色彩（正面/负面）
代词 找指代对象，往前找
时态 看全文时态主线，保持一致

三、实战练习

Passage 1：我的好朋友

I have a good friend named Li Mei. She is a 1 girl with long black hair. We 2 in the same class since we were in Grade 1. Li Mei is very 3 — she always helps others. When I have problems with my math, she 4 explains the solutions to me patiently. She is also 5 at sports. She runs very fast and often wins first place in school races. 6, she is not good at singing. She says she wants to 7 her singing skills. I believe she can do it because she is very 8. She never gives up 9 she faces difficulties. I am 10 to have such a good friend.

  1. A. tall B. short C. beautiful D. ugly
  2. A. are B. were C. have been D. had been
  3. A. selfish B. kind C. lazy D. shy
  4. A. never B. seldom C. always D. hardly
  5. A. bad B. poor C. good D. weak
  6. A. However B. Therefore C. Because D. So
  7. A. give up B. improve C. forget D. stop
  8. A. lazy B. hardworking C. careless D. slow
  9. A. because B. if C. when D. unless
  10. A. sad B. angry C. lucky D. sorry

Passage 2：保护环境

The earth is our home, but it is facing many 11. One of the biggest problems is 12. Every day, factories 13 waste water into rivers and lakes. This makes the water 14 and kills many fish. Air pollution is also 15. In some cities, the air is so dirty that people can 16 see the blue sky. What can we do to 17 the environment? First, we should 18 less plastic. Use cloth bags when shopping. Second, we should plant more 19 because they can clean the air. Third, we should save water — don’t 20 water when brushing teeth. If everyone does a little, the earth will become a better place.

  1. A. chances B. problems C. choices D. benefits
  2. A. pollution B. education C. technology D. entertainment
  3. A. pour B. drink C. clean D. save
  4. A. clean B. clear C. dirty D. fresh
  5. A. good B. serious C. small D. helpful
  6. A. easily B. hardly C. always D. often
  7. A. destroy B. protect C. ignore D. forget
  8. A. use B. buy C. make D. sell
  9. A. flowers B. trees C. grass D. vegetables
  10. A. save B. waste C. drink D. find

Passage 3：学习英语

Many students think learning English is 21. But it doesn’t have to be. The most important thing is to 22 a good method. First, you should 23 English every day, even if it’s just for 15 minutes. Reading English stories or news can help you learn new 24. Second, don’t be 25 of making mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes when learning a new language. 26, making mistakes is a good way to learn — you can learn from your 27. Third, try to 28 English as much as possible. You can talk to your classmates in English or watch English movies. The more you 29, the better you will become. Remember: practice makes 30.

  1. A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. boring
  2. A. find B. lose C. forget D. change
  3. A. speak B. read C. practice D. write
  4. A. words B. friends C. games D. songs
  5. A. proud B. afraid C. glad D. tired
  6. A. In fact B. As a result C. For example D. On the contrary
  7. A. success B. progress C. mistakes D. achievements
  8. A. avoid B. use C. stop D. forget
  9. A. study B. practice C. sleep D. play
  10. A. perfect B. worse C. boring D. difficult

参考答案与解析

Passage 1：

  1. C（beautiful与后文描述朋友正面形象一致）
  2. C（since提示现在完成时have been）
  3. B（kind与后文”总是帮助别人”一致）
  4. C（always与耐心解释一致）
  5. C（good at与后文跑步获奖一致）
  6. A（However转折，前后对比）
  7. B（improve与”想提高”一致）
  8. B（hardworking与”从不放弃”一致）
  9. C（when面对困难时）
  10. C（lucky有这样一个好朋友）

Passage 2：
11. B（problems与后文列举问题一致）
12. A（pollution与后文水污染、空气污染一致）
13. A（pour倒入，固定搭配）
14. C（dirty与污染一致）
15. B（serious严重的）
16. B（hardly几乎不能，与空气脏一致）
17. B（protect保护环境）
18. A（use less plastic少用塑料）
19. B（trees种树净化空气）
20. B（waste浪费水）

Passage 3：
21. B（difficult与”但不必如此”转折一致）
22. A（find a method找到好方法）
23. C（practice每天练习）
24. A（words新单词）
25. B（afraid of害怕犯错）
26. A（In fact事实上，补充说明）
27. C（mistakes从错误中学习）
28. B（use使用英语）
29. B（practice熟能生巧）
30. A（perfect practice makes perfect熟能生巧）

小结

今天学了完形填空：

  • 四步法：通读→先易后难→上下文线索→代入检查
  • 线索类型：同义复现、反义对照、因果、递进、举例
  • 3篇实战：朋友、环保、学英语

明天（D17）学写作（上）。