英语突击 D13｜特殊句式——There be / 倒装 / 强调句 / 感叹句

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前言

今天学四种特殊句式。它们不按常规主谓顺序出牌，但各自有固定套路，掌握套路就能拿分。

一、There be 句型

基本结构

There + be + 名词 + 地点/时间

表示”某地/某时有某物”。there是引导词，不是主语，后面的名词才是主语。

例句 翻译
There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。
There are three students in the room. 房间里有三个学生。
There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。
There will be a concert next week. 下周将有一场音乐会。

be动词的选择

be动词和最近的名词保持一致（就近原则）。

例句 分析
There is a pen and two books. pen最近，用is
There are two books and a pen. books最近，用are

There be vs have

句型 含义 例句 翻译
There be 某地存在某物 There is a tree in the garden. 花园里有棵树。
have/has 某人拥有某物 The garden has a tree. 花园有棵树。

考试陷阱：There be句型中，主语后不能再加have/has！

  • ❌ There is a tree has flowers.
  • ✅ There is a tree that has flowers.（用定语从句）

各种时态的There be

时态 结构 例句
一般现在 There is/are There is a cat on the roof.
一般过去 There was/were There was a party last night.
一般将来 There will be There will be rain tomorrow.
现在完成 There have/has been There has been a change.

二、倒装句

正常语序是”主语+谓语”，倒装句把谓语（或助动词）提到主语前面。

1. 完全倒装——整个谓语提前

结构：副词/介词短语 + 谓语 + 主语

用于强调位置，画面感强。

例句 翻译 正常语序
On the desk is a book. 桌上有一本书。 A book is on the desk.
Here comes the bus! 公交车来了！ The bus comes here.
At the foot of the hill stands a temple. 山脚下有一座庙。 A temple stands at the foot of the hill.

注意：主语是代词时不完全倒装 → Here it comes.（不是comes it）

2. 部分倒装——只提前助动词/情态动词

这是考试的重点！以下情况必须部分倒装：

(1) 否定词在句首

否定词 例句 翻译
Never Never have I seen such a beautiful place. 我从没见过这么美的地方。
Hardly Hardly had I arrived when it rained. 我刚到就下雨了。
Not only Not only does he study hard, but also he is kind. 他不仅努力学习，而且很善良。
Little Little did he know about the plan. 他对计划几乎一无所知。
Seldom Seldom does she go out at night. 她很少晚上出门。

(2) Only + 状语在句首

例句 翻译
Only then did I realize my mistake. 只有那时我才意识到错误。
Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有用这种方法我们才能解决问题。
Only when he comes will we start. 只有他来了我们才开始。

注意：Only + 主语不倒装！Only he knows the answer.（不倒装）

(3) So / Neither / Nor 表示”也/也不”

肯定”也” 否定”也不”
He is happy. So am I. He isn’t happy. Neither am I.
She likes music. So do I. She doesn’t like music. Nor do I.
I can swim. So can he. I can’t swim. Neither can he.

结构：So/Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语

三、强调句

基本结构

It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分

强调句的作用是把句子中某个部分”突出显示”。

转换方法

原句：Tom broke the window yesterday.

强调主语 It was Tom that/who broke the window yesterday.
强调宾语 It was the window that Tom broke yesterday.
强调时间 It was yesterday that Tom broke the window.

判断是否是强调句

去掉It is/was…that后，剩余部分仍能组成完整句子→就是强调句。

原句 去掉It is/was…that 是否强调句
It was Tom that broke the window. Tom broke the window. ✅ 是
It is clear that he is right. Clear he is right. ❌ 不是（这是主语从句）

练习1：把下列句子改成强调句，强调划线部分

  1. She gave me the book yesterday. → _______________________
  2. He met Mary at the station. → _______________________
  3. They finished the work last Friday. → _______________________

四、感叹句

两种结构

结构 强调 例句 翻译
What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓! 名词 What a beautiful flower it is! 多美的花啊！
How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓! 形容词/副词 How beautiful the flower is! 这花多美啊！

What vs How 选择

判断方法 用What 用How
看强调词后面 紧跟名词 → What 紧跟形容词/副词 → How

例子对比：

What句 How句
What a nice day (it is)! How nice (the day is)!
What tall buildings (they are)! How tall (the buildings are)!
What delicious food (this is)! How delicious (the food is)!

可数名词单数要加a/an：What a good idea! 不可数/复数不加：What good news! What tall trees!

练习2：用What或How填空

  1. ______ a wonderful movie it is!
  2. ______ fast he runs!
  3. ______ good advice you gave me!
  4. ______ cold the weather is!
  5. ______ an interesting story she told!

五、综合练习

练习3：选择题

  1. There ______ a pen and two books on the desk.
    A. is B. are C. has D. have

  2. ______ have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
    A. Seldom B. Never C. Hardly D. Always

  3. Only in this way ______ solve the problem.
    A. we can B. can we C. we do D. do we

  4. It was Tom ______ broke the window.
    A. which B. what C. that D. who

  5. ______ beautiful the park is!
    A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

  6. He is a student. ______.
    A. So am I B. So I am C. I am so D. Am I so

  7. There ______ a football match next week.
    A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. has

  8. ______ good news it is!
    A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

  9. Not only ______ study hard, but also he helps others.
    A. he does B. does he C. he did D. did he

  10. Here ______.
    A. the bus comes B. comes the bus C. the bus come D. come the bus

参考答案

练习1：

  1. It was she who/that gave me the book yesterday.
  2. It was Mary that/who he met at the station.
  3. It was last Friday that they finished the work.

练习2：

  1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. What

练习3：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C/D 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.B

小结

今天学了四种特殊句式：

  • There be：某地存在某物，就近原则，不能与have连用
  • 倒装：否定词/Only在句首→部分倒装；So/Neither表示”也”
  • 强调句：It is/was + 强调部分 + that/who + 其余
  • 感叹句：What + 名词，How + 形容词/副词

明天（D14）语法阶段复习+专项测试！